Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Case Study

Fibrin-associated large B-cell lymphoma arising in an endovascular graft: first case report in Korea: Min Gyoung Pak, Mee Sook Roh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(2):87-90. Published online January 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.12.28

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Abstract PDF: Fibrin-associated large B-cell lymphoma (FA-LBCL) is an extremely rare subtype of LBCL that consists of microscopic aggregates of atypical large B cells in the background of fibrin. Here, we report the first case of FA-LBCL in Korea. A 57-year-old male presented with a large amount of thrombus in the thoracic aorta during follow-up for graft replacement of the thoracoabdominal aorta 8 years prior. The removed thrombus, measuring 4.3 × 3.1 cm, histologically exhibited eosinophilic fibrinous material with several small clusters of atypical lymphoid cells at the periphery. The atypical cells were positive for CD20 by immunohistochemistry and for Epstein-Barr virus by in situ hybridization. The Ki-67 proliferation rate was 85%. The patient was still alive with no recurrence at the 7-year follow-up after thrombectomy. Although the diagnosis can be very difficult and challenging due to its paucicellular features, pathologists should be aware of FALBCL, which has likely been underestimated in routine evaluations of thrombi.

Brief Case Report

Metastatic gastric cancer of the testis diagnosed through urine cytology: Mee Sook Roh, Song-Hee Han; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(4):303-305. Published online June 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.04.19

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Gastric‐type adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix presenting in urine cytology specimens: A case report and literature review
Kyung‐Hwa Lee, Nah Ihm Kim, Jong‐Hee Nam, Sung Sun Kim
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

WITHDRAWN:A Clinicopathologic Study of 220 Cases of Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma in Korea: A Nationwide Survey: Myunghee Kang, Seung Yeon Ha, Joung Ho Han, Mee Sook Roh, Se Jin Jang, Hee Jin Lee, Heae Surng Park, Geon Kook Lee, Kyo Young Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung, Yoo Duk Choi, Chang Hun Lee, Lucia Kim, Myoung Ja Chung, Soon Hee Jung, Gou Young Kim, Wan-Seop Kim; Received April 4, 2018 Accepted July 9, 2018 Published online July 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.10 [Accepted]

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Prognostic Utility of Histological Growth Patterns of Colorectal Lung Oligometastasis: Son Jae Yeong, Min Gyoung Pak, Hyoun Wook Lee, Seung Yeon Ha, Mee Sook Roh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(2):98-104. Published online February 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.12.27

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Abstract PDF

Background
Patients with resectable colorectal lung oligometastasis (CLOM) demonstrate a heterogeneous oncological outcome. However, the parameters for predicting tumor aggressiveness have not yet been fully investigated in CLOM. This study was performed to determine the prognostic value of histological growth patterns in patients who underwent surgery for CLOM.
Methods
The study included 92 patients who were diagnosed with CLOM among the first resection cases. CLOMs grow according to three histological patterns: aerogenous, pushing, and desmoplastic patterns. The growth patterns were evaluated on archival hematoxylin and eosin–stained tissue sections.
Results
The aerogenous pattern was found in 29.4% (n=27) of patients, the pushing pattern in 34.7% (n=32), the desmoplastic pattern in 6.5% (n=6), and a mix of two growth patterns in 29.4% (n=27). The size of the aerogenous pattern was significantly smaller than that of metastases with other patterns (p=.033). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients showing an aerogenous pattern appeared to have a poorer prognosis, which was calculated from the time of diagnosis of the CLOM (p=.044). The 5-year survival rate from the diagnosis of colorectal cancer tended to be lower in patients with an aerogenous pattern than in those who had a non-aerogenous pattern; however, the difference was marginally significant (p=.051). In the multivariate Cox analysis, the aerogenous pattern appeared as an independent predictor of poor overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.122; 95% confidence interval, 1.196 to 8.145; p=.020).
Conclusions
These results suggest that the growth patterns may play a part as a histology-based prognostic parameter for patients with CLOM.

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Predicting liver metastases growth patterns: Current status and future possibilities
Rui Caetano Oliveira, Henrique Alexandrino, Maria Augusta Cipriano, Filipe Caseiro Alves, José Guilherme Tralhão
Seminars in Cancer Biology.2021; 71: 42. CrossRef
Histological growth patterns and molecular analysis of resected colorectal lung metastases
Emanuela Pilozzi, Damiano Fedele, Andrea Montori, Laura Lorenzon, Valentina Peritore, Giorgia Mannocchi, Nikta Bagheri, Chiara Leone, Antonio Palumbo, Michela Roberto, Giulio Ranazzi, Erino Rendina, Genoveffa Balducci, Mohsen Ibrahim
Pathology - Research and Practice.2021; 222: 153414. CrossRef

Review

Molecular Testing of Lung Cancers: Hyo Sup Shim, Yoon-La Choi, Lucia Kim, Sunhee Chang, Wan-Seop Kim, Mee Sook Roh, Tae-Jung Kim, Seung Yeon Ha, Jin-Haeng Chung, Se Jin Jang, Geon Kook Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(3):242-254. Published online April 21, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.04.10

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Abstract PDF

Targeted therapies guided by molecular diagnostics have become a standard treatment of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are currently used as the best predictive biomarkers for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and ALK inhibitors, respectively. Besides EGFR and ALK, the list of druggable genetic alterations has been growing, including ROS1 rearrangements, RET rearrangements, and MET alterations. In this situation, pathologists should carefully manage clinical samples for molecular testing and should do their best to quickly and accurately identify patients who will benefit from precision therapeutics. Here, we grouped molecular biomarkers of lung cancers into three categories—mutations, gene rearrangements, and amplifications—and propose expanded guidelines on molecular testing of lung cancers.

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Molecular biomarker testing for non–small cell lung cancer: consensus statement of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
Sunhee Chang, Hyo Sup Shim, Tae Jung Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Wan Seop Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Lucia Kim, Heae Surng Park, Geon Kook Lee, Chang Hun Lee
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High prevalence of ROS1 gene rearrangement detected by FISH in EGFR and ALK negative lung adenocarcinoma
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The Cancer Journal.2020; 26(6): 517. CrossRef
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Molecular Diagnostic Assays and Clinicopathologic Implications of MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation in Non–small-cell Lung Cancer
Eun Kyung Kim, Kyung A. Kim, Chang Young Lee, Sangwoo Kim, Sunhee Chang, Byoung Chul Cho, Hyo Sup Shim
Clinical Lung Cancer.2019; 20(1): e123. CrossRef
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Genetic and clinicopathologic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma with tumor spread through air spaces
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Original Article

Altered Expression of PTEN and Its Major Regulator MicroRNA-21 in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Hyoun Wook Lee, Seung Yeon Ha, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):17-23. Published online February 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.17

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Abstract PDF

Background

Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN) is one of the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressors in various tumor types. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) may affect tumor progression by post-transcriptional repression of expression of tumor suppressors, such as PTEN. This study was conducted to evaluate the significance of PTEN expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors and to analyze the relationship between PTEN and miR-21 expressions.

Methods

Expressions of PTEN and miR-21 were investigated by immunohistochemistry and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in 75 resected pulmonary NE tumors (23 typical carcinoids [TCs], nine atypical carcinoids [ACs], 22 large cell NE carcinomas [LCNECs], and 21 small cell lung carcinomas [SCLCs]).

Results

Loss of PTEN expression was observed in four of 23 TCs (17.4%), four of nine ACs (44.4%), 16 of 22 LCNECs (72.7%) and nine of 21 SCLCs (42.9%) (p=.025). The expression level of miR-21 was significantly higher in high-grade NE carcinomas than in carcinoid tumors (p<.001). PTEN expression was inversely correlated with miR-21 expression (p<.001).

Conclusions

This study suggests that aberrant expression of PTEN in relation to miR-21 may represent an important step in the development and progression of pulmonary NE tumors.

Citations

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Role of microRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance and their applications as cancer biomarkers in small cell lung cancer
Monu Pandey, Abhirup Mukhopadhyay, Surender K. Sharawat, Sachin Kumar
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer.2021; 1876(1): 188552. CrossRef
Neuroendocrine Tumors Are Enriched in Cowden Syndrome
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Genetic and epigenetic drivers of neuroendocrine tumours (NET)
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Expression of hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, and hsa-miR-222-3p and their putative targets HMGA2 and CDKN1B in typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung
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The regulatory role of aberrant Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue and Liver Kinase B1 on AKT/mTOR/c-Myc axis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
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microRNA-21 promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by the PI3K/β-catenin pathway
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Brief Case Report

Primary Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Anterior Mediastinum: Sang Seok Jeong, Phil Jo Choi, Dong Won Kim, Choonhee Son, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(5):492-494. Published online October 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.5.492

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Review & Perspective

The New 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Resected Specimens: Clinicopathologic Relevance and Emerging Issues: Seung Yeon Ha, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(4):316-325. Published online August 26, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.4.316

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Abstract PDF

Pathologists play an increasingly important role in personalized medicine for patients with lung cancer as a result of the newly recognized relationship between histologic classification and molecular change. In 2011, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) proposed a new architectural classification for invasive lung adenocarcinomas to provide uniform terminology and diagnostic criteria. This review highlighted the evolution of the classification of lung adenocarcinomas in resected specimens with special respect to both histologic subtyping and invasion. Histologic subtyping of lung adenocarcinoma has been updated based on five major predominant patterns. New concepts of adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinomas have been introduced to define the condition of patients who are expected to have excellent survival. Although the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification has promising clinical relevance, significant clarification remains necessary for the definitions of subtyping and invasion. More precise definitions and subsequent better education on the interpretation of terminology will be helpful for future studies.

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Ying Liu, Shichang Liu, Fangyuan Qu, Qian Li, Runfen Cheng, Zhaoxiang Ye
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SHUHAI LI, HUI TIAN, WEIMING YUE, LIN LI, CUN GAO, LIBO SI, WENSI HU, LEI QI, MING LU, CHUANLE CHENG, JINGJING CUI, GUANQING CHEN
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ROS1 gene rearrangement and copy number gain in non-small cell lung cancer
Yan Jin, Ping-Li Sun, Hyojin Kim, Eunhyang Park, Hyo Sup Shim, Sanghoon Jheon, Kwhanmien Kim, Choon-Taek Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung
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Expression of EGFR and Molecules Downstream to PI3K/Akt, Raf-1-MEK-1-MAP (Erk1/2), and JAK (STAT3) Pathways in Invasive Lung Adenocarcinomas Resected at a Single Institution
Alba Fabiola Torres, Cleto Nogueira, Juliana Magalhaes, Igor Santos Costa, Alessa Aragao, Antero Gomes Neto, Filadelfia Martins, Fabio Tavora
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Original Articles

Cytologic Features of ALK-Positive Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: Seung Yeon Ha, Jungsuk Ahn, Mee Sook Roh, Joungho Han, Jae Jun Lee, Boin Lee, Jun Yim; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(3):252-257. Published online June 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.3.252

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Abstract PDF

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the cytologic features of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expressing pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Methods

We analyzed the cytopathological findings of 15 cases of endobronchial ultrasound guided aspiration and a case of bronchial washing. These cases were selected based on the histomorphology of ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma.

Results

Cytology showed mucinous (81.3%) and hemorrhagic (50%) backgrounds. The cells were arranged in tubulopapillary or tubulocribriform patterns (93.8%), and clusters (56.3%) admixed with signet ring cell features (87.5%). The tumor cells were monotonous and uniform with vesicular nuclei and a small nucleolus.

Conclusions

The characteristic findings were sheets showing a tubulopapillary or tubulocribriform appearance, with vesicular nuclei and a bland chromatin pattern (p<0.001). Scattered signet ring cells were helpful in suggesting ALK-positive adenocarcinoma (p<0.001).

Citations

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Machine learning‐based gene alteration prediction model for primary lung cancer using cytologic images
Shuhei Ishii, Manabu Takamatsu, Hironori Ninomiya, Kentaro Inamura, Takeshi Horai, Akira Iyoda, Naoko Honma, Rira Hoshi, Yuko Sugiyama, Noriko Yanagitani, Mingyon Mun, Hitoshi Abe, Tetuo Mikami, Kengo Takeuchi
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Qualitative and quantitative cytomorphological features of primary anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive lung cancer
Ryuko Tsukamoto, Hiroyuki Ohsaki, Sho Hosokawa, Yasunori Tokuhara, Shingo Kamoshida, Toshiko Sakuma, Tomoo Itoh, Chiho Ohbayashi
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Cytological features in eight patients with ALK‐rearranged lung cancer
Naoto Kuroda, Masahiko Ohara, Yukari Wada, Kaori Yasuoka, Keiko Mizuno, Kenji Yorita, Chiho Obayashi, Kengo Takeuchi
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ALK-rearranged adenocarcinoma with extensive mucin production can mimic mucinous adenocarcinoma: clinicopathological analysis and comprehensive histological comparison with KRAS-mutated mucinous adenocarcinoma
Yoon Jin Cha, Joungho Han, Soo Hyun Hwang, Tae Bum Lee, Hojoong Kim, Jea Ill Zo
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Cytomorphological identification of advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma harboring KRAS mutation in lymph node fine‐needle aspiration specimens: Comparative investigation of adenocarcinoma with KRAS and EGFR mutations
Dae Hyun Song, Boram Lee, Yooju Shin, In Ho Choi, Sang Yun Ha, Jae Jun Lee, Min Eui Hong, Yoon‐La Choi, Joungho Han, Sang‐Won Um
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2015; 43(7): 539. CrossRef
Comprehensive analysis of RET and ROS1 rearrangement in lung adenocarcinoma
Seung Eun Lee, Boram Lee, Mineui Hong, Ji-Young Song, Kyungsoo Jung, Maruja E Lira, Mao Mao, Joungho Han, Jhingook Kim, Yoon-La Choi
Modern Pathology.2015; 28(4): 468. CrossRef

Morphologic Analysis of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Seung Seok Lee, Myunghee Kang, Seung Yeon Ha, Jungsuk An, Mee Sook Roh, Chang Won Ha, Jungho Han; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):16-20. Published online February 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.1.16

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Abstract PDF

Background

Few studies on how to diagnose pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors through morphometric analysis have been reported. In this study, we measured and analyzed the characteristic parameters of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors using an image analyzer to aid in diagnosis.

Methods

Sixteen cases of typical carcinoid tumor, 5 cases of atypical carcinoid tumor, 15 cases of small cell carcinoma, and 51 cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma were analyzed. Using an image analyzer, we measured the nuclear area, perimeter, and the major and minor axes.

Results

The mean nuclear area was 0.318±0.101 µm² in typical carcinoid tumors, 0.326±0.119 µm² in atypical carcinoid tumors, 0.314±0.107 µm² in small cell carcinomas, and 0.446±0.145 µm² in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. The mean nuclear circumference was 2.268±0.600 µm in typical carcinoid tumors, 2.408±0.680 µm in atypical carcinoid tumors, 2.158±0.438 µm in small cell carcinomas, and 3.247±1.276 µm in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. All parameters were useful in distinguishing large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from other tumors (p=0.001) and in particular, nuclear circumference was the most effective (p=0.001).

Conclusions

Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors showed nuclear morphology differences by subtype. Therefore, evaluation of quantitative nuclear parameters improves the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis.

Citations

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Clinical Significance of Persistent Tumor in Bone Marrow during Treatment of High-risk Neuroblastoma
Young Bae Choi, Go Eun Bae, Na Hee Lee, Jung-Sun Kim, Soo Hyun Lee, Keon Hee Yoo, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo
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Korean Journal of Pathology.2013; 47(5): 433. CrossRef

Case Report

Primary Pulmonary Myxoid Liposarcoma with Translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11) in a Young Female Patient: A Brief Case Report: Choonhee Son, Phil Jo Choi, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):392-394. Published online August 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.392

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Abstract PDF

Primary liposarcoma of the lung is an extremely rare disease. To date, only 14 cases have been reported in the literature. We experienced a case of myxoid liposarcoma of the lung treated by surgery. The tumor was well-defined, solid, lobulated mass measuring 3.5×2 cm, involving the bronchus of the left lower lobe. Microscopically, myxoid liposarcoma was identified. The fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of a reciprocal translocation involving DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) genes. The patient is still alive with no recurrence or metastasis at the time of writing this report (on 20 months postoperatively). To our knowledge, this is the first cytogenetic case report of pulmonary myxoid liposarcoma.

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Primary intrathoracic liposarcomas: A clinicopathologic and molecular study of 43 cases in one of the largest medical centers of China
You Xie, Wenyi Jing, Wei Zhao, Ran Peng, Min Chen, Ting Lan, Heng Peng, Xin He, Huijiao Chen, Zhang Zhang, Hongying Zhang
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Primary Pulmonary Liposarcoma with Pancreatic Metastasis: A Rarest of Rare Intrathoracic Malignancy
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Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology.2020; 41(04): 605. CrossRef
Primary dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the lung with rhabdomyoblastic and chrondroblastic differentiation
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Original Articles

Interobserver Variability in Diagnosing High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung and Comparing It with the Morphometric Analysis: Seung Yeon Ha, Joungho Han, Wan-Seop Kim, Byung Seong Suh, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(1):42-47. Published online February 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.42

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Abstract PDF

Background

Distinguishing small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is difficult with little information about interobserver variability.

Methods

One hundred twenty-nine cases of resected SCLC and LCNEC were independently evaluated by four pathologists and classified according to the 2004 World Health Organization criteria. Agreement was regarded as "unanimous" if all four pathologists agreed on the classification. The kappa statistic was calculated to measure the degree of agreement between pathologists. We also measured cell size using image analysis, and receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate cell size in predicting the diagnosis of high-grade neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas in 66 cases.

Results

Unanimous agreement was achieved in 55.0% of 129 cases. The kappa values ranged from 0.35 to 0.81. Morphometric analysis reaffirmed that there was a continuous spectrum of cell size from SCLC to LCNEC and showed that tumors with cells falling in the middle size range were difficult to categorize and lacked unanimous agreement.

Conclusions

Our results provide an objective explanation for considerable interobserver variability in the diagnosis of high-grade pulmonary NE carcinomas. Further studies would need to define more stringent and objective definitions of cytologic and architectural characteristics to reliably distinguish between SCLC and LCNEC.

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What clinicians are asking pathologists when dealing with lung neuroendocrine neoplasms?
Giuseppe Pelosi, Alessandra Fabbri, Mara Cossa, Angelica Sonzogni, Barbara Valeri, Luisella Righi, Mauro Papotti
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Altered expression of microRNA miR‐21, miR‐155, and let‐7a and their roles in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors
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Pathology International.2012; 62(9): 583. CrossRef

The Interobserver Variability for Diagnosing Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor.: Chang Hun Lee, Hee Kyung Chang, Hyoun Wook Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):267-271.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.267

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Although the grade of pulmonary carcinoid tumor is routinely reported in pathology practice, there is a paucity of data on the level of agreement between pathologists.
METHODS
Data for 30 cases of surgically resected pulmonary tumors diagnosed as carcinoid tumors (19 typical carcinoids [TCs] and 11 atypical carcinoids [ACs]) were retrieved from four university hospitals. These cases were independently evaluated by five pathologists and were classified according to the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Agreement was regarded as "unanimous" if all five pathologists agreed, and as a "majority" if four agreed. The kappa statistic was calculated to measure the degree of agreement between pathologists.
RESULTS
Unanimous agreement was achieved for 50.0% and a majority agreement for 83.3% of the 30 cases. The range of the kappa values extended from 0.37 to 0.89. After a consensus meeting, there was disagreement between the original diagnosis by each institute and the consensus diagnosis by the five pathologists for 40.0% of the 30 cases. Based on the consensus diagnosis, the agreement was greater for TCs than that for ACs.
CONCLUSIONS
Discriminating carcinoid tumors is subject to interobserver variability. This study indicates that there is a need for more careful standardization and application of diagnostic criteria for making the diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoid tumor.

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Altered expression of microRNA miR‐21, miR‐155, and let‐7a and their roles in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors
Hyoun Wook Lee, Eun Hee Lee, Seung Yeon Ha, Chang Hun Lee, Hee Kyung Chang, Sunhee Chang, Kun Young Kwon, Il Seon Hwang, Mee Sook Roh, Jeong Wook Seo
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Differential expression of forkhead box M1 and its downstream cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27kip1 and p21waf1/cip1 in the diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours
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Case Report

Primary Extrapulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Appendix: A Case Report.: Jong Hyeok Park, Ki Jae Park, Young Hoon Roh, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(1):101-105.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.1.101

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Abstract PDF: Primary extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) of the appendix is an extremely rare entity, and there has been only one previous report on this in the English medical literature. We report here on the first Korean case of EPSCC of the appendix in a 55-year-old woman. The patient had no history of an identified pulmonary tumor, and she presented with constipation and lower abdominal pain. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy with regional lymph node dissection and bilateral salphigo-oophorectomy. The histology of the entire appendiceal tumor revealed pure EPSCC with diffuse immunoreactivity for pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, CD56, thyroid transcription factor 1, c-kit and carcinoembryonic antigen, and there was focal weak immunoreactivity for chromogranin A and synaptophysin. After the second cycle of chemotherapy, the condition of the patient gradually deteriorated due to cancer peritonei and the patient died 7 months later. EPSCC of the appendix is a distinctive clinicopathological entity that displays highly aggressive behavior and an unfavorable outcome.

Original Article

The Overexpression of Histone Deacetylase 1 and Its Relationship with p16INK4a Gene Hypermethylation in Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma.: Jong Hyeok Park, Young Seoub Hong, Phil Jo Choi, Na Young Kim, Kyung Eun Lee, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(2):107-112.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.2.107

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
DNA methylation and histone modification are dynamically linked in the epigenetic control of gene silencing and they play an important role in tumorigenesis.
METHODS
To evaluate the role of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in the development of lung cancer and the relationship between a HDAC1 overexpression and p16INK4a hypermethylation, we performed immunohistochemical staining for HDAC1 in 76 lung cancer specimens (39 squamous cell carcinomas and 37 adenocarcinomas) that had been previously evaluated for their p16INK4a methylation status by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
A HDAC1 overexpression (>50% of HDAC1 immunoreactive cells) was detected in 65 (85.5%) out of the 76 cases and it was more frequently seen in the squamous cell carcinomas (97.4%) than in the adenocarcinomas (73.0%) (p=0.002). The incidence of HDAC1 overexpression tended to be higher in the heavy smokers with more than 20 pack-years (p=0.067). Although there was no statistical significance, the frequency of p16INK4a hypermethylation in the cases with a HDAC1 overexpression (27.7%) tended to be higher than that in the cases without a HDAC1 overexpression (9.0%) (p=0.175).
CONCLUSIONS
A HDAC1 overexpression might be involved in lung carcinogenesis, and especially in a subgroup of smoking and squamous cell carcinoma patients, and a HDAC1 overexpression may be associated with p16INK4a hypermethylation.

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